Night Shift Work Is Dangerous

Not very pertinent, but a cool picture

Not very pertinent, but a cool picture

Shift work can kill you.

I’ve seen studies associating night shift work with T diabetes in Japanese men, higher breast cancer rates, more metabolic syndrome, and higher heart disease risk in men.

Now we have evidence for higher diabetes rates in women who do shift work”

“Our results suggest that an extended period of rotating night shift work is associated with a modestly increased risk of type 2 diabetes in women, which appears to be partly mediated through body weight. Proper screening and intervention strategies in rotating night shift workers are needed for prevention of diabetes.”

Source: PLOS Medicine: Rotating Night Shift Work and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Two Prospective Cohort Studies in Women

Action Plan: P.D. Mangan has some ideas.

Also, reduce your risk of cancer, heart disease, and diabetes with the Mediterranean diet.

Steve Parker, M.D.

PS: If you get one of my books, stay safe and read it during the day.

Dr. Gorski on diet and exercise versus cancer: A science-based view 

You need to worry about cancer because you have a roughly four in 10 chance of coming down with invasive cancer. (Skin cancers like squamous cell and basal cell are quite common, but rarely invasive.)

Dr. David Gorski is a breast cancer surgeon. He’s looked at the scientific literature on the linkage between diet and exercises, and the risk of developing cancer.

Here’s his conclusion from his review at Science-Based Medicine:

“You can reduce your risk of cancer by staying active and exercising, eating a healthy diet with a lot of plant-based foods and minimizing intake of processed meats, limiting alcohol consumption (although I think the WCRF/AICR guidelines go a bit too far in saying that you shouldn’t drink at all if possible), and maintaining a healthy weight. (Of course, if you stay active and eat a healthy diet, maintaining a healthy weight will probably not be a problem.) Conceptually, it’s easy to do. In practice, as I’m discovering, it’s anything but easy.”

Source: Diet and exercise versus cancer: A science-based view « Science-Based Medicine

The Mediterranean diet seems to protect against cancer.

Steve Parker, M.D.

PS: One of the reasons I write diet books is that I want to keep you from getting cancer.

Skinny Women Are More Likely to Get That Service Sector Job

“Your worst fears have been confirmed, working ladies.

A study by researchers in the UK and Canada, published in the journal PLOS One, found that women who are on the heavier end of the “healthy” Body Mass Index, or BMI, range were subject to more weight-based prejudice than men who were solidly overweight.”

Source: Employers are more likely to hire skinny women | New York Post

I’m not too surprised about finding. And I’m not saying it’s right.

Easily calculate your BMI here.

Steve Parker MD, Advanced Mediterranean Diet

Two diet books in one

Chronic Daily Alcohol Consumption Linked to Atrial Fibrillation

Photo copyright: Steve Parker MD

Photo copyright: Steve Parker MD

Atrial Fibrillation is the most common serious heart rhythm disturbance in folks over 50. It can cause strokes, chest pain, trouble breathing, palpitations, dizziness, fainting, and other problems.

Many cases of atrial fibrillation are of unknown cause, but others are caused by blocked heart arteries, leaky or blocked heart valves, blood mineral disturbances, and overactive thyroid.

Another cause is alcohol consumption. Physicians typically think it takes relatively heavy alcohol consumption, even if just a short-term binge, to cause atrial fibrillation. A recent study suggests low doses could be problematic. From the American Heart Association Newsroom:

“Despite the common perception that moderate alcohol intake is good for the heart, new research suggests long-term alcohol consumption, even as little as one drink a day may enlarge the heart’s left upper chamber (atrium) and increase the risk of developing atrial fibrillation, according to new research in Journal of the American Heart Association, the Open Access Journal of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.

“Our study provides the first human evidence of why daily, long-term alcohol consumption may lead to the development of this very common heart rhythm disturbance,” said Gregory Marcus, M.D., senior study author and associate professor of medicine specializing in cardiac electrophysiology at the University of California at San Francisco. “We were somewhat surprised that a relatively small amount of alcohol was associated with a larger left atrium and subsequent atrial fibrillation.”

Source: Drinking alcohol daily may enlarge heart chamber; lead to atrial fibrillation | American Heart Association

Steve Parker, M.D.

PS: Although alcohol is an option with several of my diets, it’s not mandatory.

FDA Making Kratom Illegal

Like many folks, ItsTheWooo ain’t happy about it:

“Now, if you search my blog tags, you guys will know i’ve experimented, and very much benefit from kratom.  I’ve been using kratom for 2 years and counting, and i consider it really a healing substance, that transformed my life considerably. . Kratom has been a very valuable herb to me, which helps my mood and assists my sleep, helps my body regulate weight, and is generally a relaxing pleasant addition to my regimen.The first year i found it, the kratom was so effective it felt like a magical cure. There was greater happiness in my experience of life – it made me happier days after a dose, it kept fall depression completely at bay, and finding it in late august 2 years ago it was as if the summer did not end. It also stopped my brain, made the “noise” go away, let me sleep normally. Kratom seemed to normalize my body rhythm – i woke the same time every day, i slept the same every day. Upon finding kratom , my mood , sleep, everything got so much better; it even helped cure residual “eating problems” , eating became much easier and residual dieting/monitoring behaviors vanished.Work became much easier – the constant struggle with thoughts of people’s intents died down considerably. I could peacefully exist w/o this internal dialogue of suspicion. I performed vastly better at work as a result of kratom resolving these thought issues, as i could interact more normally with coworkers vs “coping” with my thoughts.”

Source: *The Scribble Pad*: Personal update + Kratom discussion (The unethical DEA tramples civil , human rights)

As a hospitalist, I see lots of accidental and intentional drug overdoses and adverse drug effects. But I’ve never seen a patient with an adverse effect from kratom. I’ve never even run across a patient who mentioned taking it.

Brain Shrinkage Linked to Loss of Youthful Thinking Ability

MNT has a headline pregnant with possibility:

‘Super agers’ avoid brain shrinkage, retain youthful thinking abilities

The problem is, we don’t know how to prevent brain shrinkage. The “super agers” may simply have won the genetic lottery. Other factors that might help prevent brain shrinkage include 1) not smoking, 2) the Mediterranean diet, 3) keep your brain actively engaged as you age, 4) exercise, 5) avoid obesity, 6) don’t drink too much alcohol, and 7) consume cold-water fatty fish.

From MNT:

“Touroutoglou and colleagues conducted imaging studies on the brains of the super agers that revealed that the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (that typically shrink with age) were similar in size to those of young adults.

“We looked at a set of brain areas known as the default mode network, which has been associated with the ability to learn and remember new information, and found that those areas, particularly the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex, were thicker in super agers than in other older adults. In some cases, there was no difference in thickness between super agers and young adults,” Touroutoglou says.

Barrett points out that the team also examined a group of regions in the brain known as the salience network – involved in identifying information that is important and that needs attention for specific situations – and found that several areas had preserved thickness among super-agers, including the anterior insula and orbitofrontal cortex.”

Source: ‘Super agers’ avoid brain shrinkage, retain youthful thinking abilities – Medical News Today

Sugar Industry Research and Optimal Diet

From the Science-Based Medicine blog:

“Overweight and obesity are also diseases of modern civilization which is [sic] characterized by abundance and an increasingly sedentary lifestyle. Further, the food industry is driven by market forces which favor tasty foods, which often means being high in fat and/or sugar.

The public, understandably, simply wants to know what diet is optimal for reducing cardiovascular risk and maintaining a healthy weight. Ironically, we already have the answer, in my opinion, at least the “90% answer.”

I also think that most people know the answer – engage in regular exercise and eat a moderate varied diet with plenty of vegetables. If you do that you are most of the way to an optimal diet, and all the controversy is essentially over that last few percentage points of minimizing risk by optimizing diet.

The people who seem to have the highest stake in those last few percent are the self-help industry and the various food industries. The self-help industry want to sell you the optimal diet, and so they have a vested interest in coming up with some diet schtick and selling it – the Atkins diet, the Zone diet, the South Beach diet, etc.The one diet that seems to have the most science behind it is the Mediterranean diet. That is probably because it is a moderate diet, nothing extreme.”

Source: Sugar Industry Research « Science-Based Medicine

Osteoarthritis: Strength Training of Knee Extension Muscles Improves Pain and Preserves or Improves Functional Status

Osteoarthritis, aka degenerative joint disease, is quite common in folks over 45 and eventually may require knee replacement surgery. Recovery from that surgery is slow and painful; best to avoid it if you can.

Having good strength in the muscle that extends the knee helps to preserve the knee joint. That muscle is the quadriceps.

Click below for the evidence:

“Although limited, the reviewed studies suggest that participation in a resistance training program can potentially counteract the functional limitations seen in knee osteoarthritis; positive associations were found between increased muscle strength and walking self-efficacy, reduced pain, improved function, and total WOMAC score. Notably, improvements were greater in maximal versus submaximal effort testing, possibly due to a ceiling effect.”

Source: Strength training for treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: A systematic review – Lange – 2008 – Arthritis Care & Research – Wiley Online Library

To get started on strengthening the quadriceps muscle, consider the following four-minute video that is two minutes too long:
Note her mention of ankle weights.

Steve Parker, M.D.

PS: If you’re overweight or obese, you lower limb joints will last longer if you lose the fat by following one of my books.

Is Soreness After a Workout Good or Bad?

exercise for weight loss and management, dumbbells

Lowering the dumbbell is the eccentric component

I think it was Jane Fonda who, decades ago, popularized the phrase, “No pain, no gain.”

Did you know that the muscle soreness that follows a weight training session is caused only by the eccentric component of the exercise you do? “Eccentric” in this context isn’t easy for me to explain.

But here’s a simple try. You lift a barbell over your head with your arms; gradually lowering the barbell to its starting position is the eccentric component.

Learn more about exercise-related muscle soreness from Mark Rippetoe:

“Productive training entails some soreness, and everybody that trains gets used to the idea that getting stronger over time is accompanied by soreness – not the debilitating, crippling kind that makes normal movement difficult, but the mild soreness that accompanies a PR squat. To the extent that PRs are enjoyable, this soreness is welcome. It is possible to train for months and double your squat without being terribly sore at any point in the process.

But doing stupid workouts that cannot make you stronger and have not made you anything but sore indicates that you either don’t know what you’re doing, or that your priorities are other than getting stronger. If I were you, I’d reevaluate my priorities.”

Source: Soreness | Mark Rippetoe

Exercise Cancels the Cancer-Causing Effect of Alcohol

Jamesons Irish Whiskey Photo copyright: Steve Parker MD

Jamesons Irish Whiskey
Photo copyright: Steve Parker MD

It was just a couple weeks ago we learned that you’ll die of cancer if you tipple. Well, a new study says you can counteract the carcinogenic alcohol with adequate physical activity.

A story at CNN tells us how much exercise it takes :

“Specifically, they looked at the impact of the recommended amount of weekly exercise for adults, which is 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity. That includes brisk walking, swimming and mowing the lawn, according to the US Department of Health and Human Services. HHS also advises strength training for all major muscle groups at least twice a week.”

Source: Exercise can cancel out the booze, says study – CNN.com

The rule of thumb on how much alcohol is relatively safe to drink is 7 typical drinks a week for women, and 14 for men.

Also remember that even one or two drinks under the right circumstances can have devastating consequences.

Steve Parker, M.D.

PS: All of my books have extensive recommendations on getting started with exercise, even if you’re a 300-lb couch potato.